中华人民共和国邮政法(附英文)
全国人民代表大会
中华人民共和国主席令(六届第47号)
《中华人民共和国邮政法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于1986年12月2日通过,现予公布,自1987年1月1日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 李先念
1986年12月2日
中华人民共和国邮政法
(1986年12月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议通过 1986年12月2日中华人民共和国主席令第四十七号公布 自1987年1月1日起施行)
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保护通信自由和通信秘密,保障邮政工作的正常进行,促进邮政事业的发展,以适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要,根据《中华人民共和国宪法》,制定本法。
第二条 国务院邮政主管部门管理全国邮政工作。
国务院邮政主管部门根据需要设立地区邮政管理机构,管理各该地区的邮政工作。
第三条 国务院邮政主管部门所属的邮政企业是全民所有制的经营邮政业务的公用企业。
邮政企业按照国务院邮政主管部门的规定设立经营邮政业务的分支机构。
第四条 通信自由和通信秘密受法律保护。除因国家安全或者追查刑事犯罪的需要,由公安机关、国家安全机关或者检察机关依照法律规定的程序对通信进行检查外,任何组织或者个人不得以任何理由侵犯他人的通信自由和通信秘密。
第五条 用户交寄的邮件、交汇的汇款和储蓄的存款受法律保护。除法律另有规定外,任何组织或者个人不得检查、扣留。
第六条 邮政企业应当为用户提供迅速、准确、安全、方便的邮政服务。
除法律另有规定外,邮政企业和邮政工作人员不得向任何组织或者个人提供用户使用邮政业务的情况。
第七条 邮件和汇款在未投交收件人、收款人之前,所有权属于寄件人或者汇款人。
第八条 信件和其他具有信件性质的物品的寄递业务由邮政企业专营,但是国务院另有规定的除外。
邮政企业根据需要可以委托其他单位或者个人代办邮政企业专营的业务。代办人员办理邮政业务时,适用本法关于邮政工作人员的规定。
第九条 任何单位或者个人不得伪造或者冒用邮政专用标志、邮政标志服和邮政专用品。
第二章 邮政企业的设置和邮政设施
第十条 邮政企业及其分支机构的设置标准,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十一条 邮政企业应当在方便群众的地方设置分支机构、邮亭、报刊亭、邮筒等设施,或者进行流动服务。
城市居民楼应当设置住户接收邮件的信报箱。
在较大的车站、机场、港口和宾馆内,应当设有办理邮政业务的场所。
第三章 邮政业务的种类和资费
第十二条 邮政企业经营下列业务:
(一)国内和国际邮件寄递;
(二)国内报刊发行;
(三)邮政储蓄、邮政汇兑;
(四)国务院邮政主管部门规定的适合邮政企业经营的其他业务。
第十三条 邮政企业及其分支机构不得擅自停办国务院邮政主管部门和地区邮政管理机构规定的必须办理的邮政业务。
因不可抗力或者特殊原因,邮政企业及其分支机构需要暂时停止或者限制办理部分邮政业务,必须经国务院邮政主管部门或者地区邮政管理机构批准。
第十四条 邮政企业应当加强报刊发行工作。出版单位委托邮政企业发行报刊,应当与邮政企业订立发行合同。
第十五条 邮政业务的基本资费,由国务院物价主管部门制定,报国务院批准。非基本资费由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十六条 各类邮件资费的交付,以邮资凭证或者证明邮资已付的戳记表示。
第十七条 邮票、邮资信封、邮资明信片、邮资邮简等邮资凭证由国务院邮政主管部门发行,任何单位或者个人不得伪造。
仿印邮票图案的管理办法,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第十八条 售出的邮资凭证不得向邮政企业及其分支机构兑换现金。
停止使用的邮资凭证,由国务院邮政主管部门在停止使用前一个月公告并停止出售,持有人可以自公告之日起六个月内向邮政企业及其分支机构换取有效的邮资凭证。
第十九条 下列邮资凭证不得使用:
(一)经国务院邮政主管部门公告已经停止使用的;
(二)盖销或者划销的;
(三)污染、残缺或者褪色、变色,难以辨认的;
(四)从邮资信封、邮资明信片、邮资邮简上剪下的邮票图案。
第四章 邮件的寄递
第二十条 用户交寄邮件,必须遵守国务院有关主管部门关于禁止寄递物品、限量寄递物品的规定。
第二十一条 用户交寄除信件以外的其他邮件,应当交邮政企业或者其分支机构当面验视内件。拒绝验视的,不予收寄。
用户交寄的信件必须符合准寄内容的规定,必要时邮政企业及其分支机构有权要求用户取出进行验视。
第二十二条 邮政企业及其分支机构应当按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的时限投交邮件。
第二十三条 无法投递的邮件,应当退回寄件人。
无法投递又无法退回的信件,在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内无人认领的,由地区邮政管理机构负责销毁。
无法投递又无法退回的进口国际邮递物品,在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内无人认领的,由海关依法处理。
无法投递又无法退回的其他邮件的处理办法,由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第二十四条 邮政汇款的收款人应当自收到汇款通知之日起两个月内凭有效证明到邮政企业或者其分支机构兑领汇款;逾期未领的汇款,由邮政企业或者其分支机构退回汇款人。自退汇通知投交汇款人之日起满十个月未被领回的汇款,上缴国库。
第二十五条 寄递邮件逐步实行邮政编码,具体办法由国务院邮政主管部门规定。
第五章 邮件的运输、验关和检疫
第二十六条 铁路、公路、水运、航空等运输单位均负有载运邮件的责任,保证邮件优先运出,并在运费上予以优惠。
第二十七条 邮政企业在车站、机场、港口转运邮件,有关运输单位应当统一安排装卸邮件的场所和出入通道。
第二十八条 带有邮政专用标志的邮政车船和邮政工作人员进出港口、通过渡口时,应当优先放行。带有邮政专用标志的邮政车辆需要通过禁行路线或者在禁止停车地段停车的,由有关主管部门核准通行、停车。
第二十九条 邮件通过海上运输时,不参与分摊共同海损。
第三十条 国际邮递物品未经海关查验放行,邮政企业不得寄递。国际邮袋出入境、开拆和封发,应当由海关监管。邮政企业应当将作业时间事先通知海关,海关应当按时派员到场监管查验。
第三十一条 依法应当施行卫生检疫或者动植物检疫的邮件,由检疫部门负责拣出并进行检疫;未经检疫部门许可,邮政企业不得运递。
第六章 损失赔偿
第三十二条 用户对交寄的给据邮件和交汇的汇款,可以在交寄或者交汇之日起一年内,持据向收寄、收汇的邮政企业或者其分支机构查询。邮政企业及其分支机构应当在国务院邮政主管部门规定的期限内将查询结果通知查询人。
查复期满无结果的,邮政企业应当先予赔偿或者采取补救措施。自赔偿之日起一年内,查明有本法第三十四条第(二)项和第(三)项情形之一的,邮政企业有权收回赔偿。
第三十三条 邮政企业对于给据邮件丢失、损毁、内件短少,依照下列规定赔偿或者采取补救措施:
(一)挂号信件,按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的金额赔偿。
(二)保价邮件,丢失或者全部损毁的,按照保价额赔偿;内件短少或者部分损毁的,按照保价额同邮件全部价值的比例对邮件实际损失予以赔偿。
(三)非保价邮包,按照邮包实际损失价值赔偿,但是最高不超过国务院邮政主管部门规定的限额。
(四)其他给据邮件,按照国务院邮政主管部门规定的办法赔偿或者采取补救措施。
第三十四条 有下列情形之一的,邮政企业不负赔偿责任:
(一)平常邮件的损失;
(二)由于用户的责任或者所寄物品本身的原因造成给据邮件损失的;
(三)除汇款和保价邮件以外的其他给据邮件由于不可抗力的原因造成损失的;
(四)用户自交寄给据邮件或者交汇汇款之日起满一年未查询又未提出赔偿要求的。
第三十五条 用户因损失赔偿同邮政企业发生争议的,可以要求邮政企业的上级主管部门处理,对处理不服的可以向人民法院起诉;也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
第七章 罚 则
第三十六条 隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件,侵犯公民通信自由权利,情节严重的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百四十九条的规定追究刑事责任;尚不够刑事处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》第二十二条的规定处罚。
第三十七条 邮政工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百九十一条第一款的规定追究刑事责任。
犯前款罪而窃取财物的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百九十一条第二款的规定,按贪污罪从重处罚。
第三十八条 故意损毁邮筒等邮政公用设施,尚不够刑事处罚的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》第二十五条的规定处罚;情节严重的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百五十六条的规定追究刑事责任。
第三十九条 邮政工作人员拒不办理依法应当办理的邮政业务的,故意延误投递邮件的,给予行政处分。邮政工作人员玩忽职守,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。
第四十条 违反本法第八条规定,经营信件和其他具有信件性质的物品的寄递业务的,由工商行政管理部门责令其将收寄的信件和其他具有信件性质的物品及收取的资费退还寄件人,处以罚款。
当事人对处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉;逾期不起诉又不履行的,由工商行政管理部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第八章 附 则
第四十一条 本法下列用语的含义是:
(一)邮件:指通过邮政企业寄递的信件、印刷品、邮包、汇款通知、报刊等。
(二)信件:指信函和明信片。
(三)平常邮件:指邮政企业及其分支机构在收寄时不出具收据,投递时不要求收件人签收的邮件。
(四)给据邮件:指挂号信件、邮包、保价邮件等由邮政企业及其分支机构在收寄时出具收据,投递时要求收件人签收的邮件。
(五)国际邮递物品:指中华人民共和国与其他国家和地区的用户相互寄递的印刷品和邮包。
(六)邮政专用品:指邮政日戳、邮政夹钳和邮袋。
第四十二条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的有关国际邮政事务的国际条约同本法有不同规定的,适用该国际条约的规定。但是,中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第四十三条 国务院邮政主管部门根据本法制定实施细则,报国务院批准施行。
第四十四条 本法自1987年1月1日起施行。
POSTAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
POSTAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 47 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on December 2, 1986, and
effective as of January 1, 1987)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Establishment of Postal Enterprises and Postal Facilities
Chapter III Classification of Postal Businesses and Postal Rates
Chapter IV Posting and Delivery of Postal Materials
Chapter V Transportation, Customs Examination and Quarantine
Inspection of Postal Materials
Chapter VI Compensation for Losses
Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's
Republic of China, with a view to protecting freedom and privacy of
correspondence, ensuring normal progress of postal work, and promoting
development of postal services, so as to suit the needs of socialist
construction and the livelihood of the people.
Article 2
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall
administer postal services throughout the country.
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall
set up regional administrative organs of postal services as required to
administer postal services of each region.
Article 3
The postal enterprises attached to the competent department of postal
services under the State Council are public enterprises, owned by the
whole people, that operate postal businesses.
According to stipulations of the competent department of postal services
under the State Council, postal enterprises shall establish branch offices
that operate postal businesses
Article 4
Freedom and privacy of correspondence shall be protected by law. No
organization or individual shall infringe upon the freedom and privacy of
correspondence of other persons for any reason, except when the inspection
of correspondence in accordance with legal procedures by the public
security organ, the state security organ or the procuratorial organ is
necessary for the state's safety or the investigation of criminal offence.
Article 5
Postal materials handed in or posted, remittances made and savings
deposited by users shall be protected by law, and shall not be inspected
and withheld by any organization or individual except as otherwise
provided by law.
Article 6
Postal enterprises shall provide users with fast, accurate, safe and
convenient postal services.
Postal enterprises and postal staff shall not provide information to any
organization or individual about users' dealings with postal services
except as otherwise provided for by law.
Article 7
Postal materials and remittances shall be owned by senders and remitters
before they are delivered to recipients and remittees.
Article 8
Posting and delivery services of mail and other articles with
characteristics of mail shall be exclusively operated by postal
enterprises, except as otherwise provided by the State Council.
Postal enterprises may, according to needs, entrust other units or
individuals as agents to run businesses exclusively operated by postal
enterprises. The provisions on postal personnel specified in this Law
shall apply to agents when they handle postal businesses.
Article 9
No unit or individual shall produce false copies or make fraudulent use of
special postal marks, postal uniforms and special postal articles.
Chapter II Establishment of Postal Enterprises and Postal Faci- lities
Article 10
Standards for establishment of postal enterprises and their branch offices
shall be formulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council.
Article 11
Postal enterprises shall establish branch offices, postal kiosks,
newspaper and periodical stands, mailboxes, etc., in places convenient to
the masses, or provide mobile services. Residents' mailboxes for receiving
letters and newspapers shall be installed in residential buildings in
cities.
Places shall be provided for handling postal business in larger railway
stations, airports, ports and guest houses.
Chapter III Classification of Postal Businesses and Postal Rates
Article 12
Postal enterprises operate the following businesses:
(1) posting and delivery of domestic and international postal materials;
(2) distributing domestic newspapers and periodicals;
(3) postal savings and postal remittances; and
(4) other suitable businesses stipulated by the competent department of
postal services under the State Council.
Article 13
Postal enterprises and their branch offices shall not arbitrarily close
down postal businesses that must be handled according to the stipulations
made by the competent department of postal services under the State
Council and the regional administrative organ of postal services.
Owing to force majeure or special reasons, if postal enterprises and their
branch offices need to close down temporarily or restrict the handling of
some postal businesses, they must obtain approval of the competent
department of postal services under the State Council or of regional
postal administrative organs.
Article 14
Postal enterprises shall strengthen distribution work of newspapers and
periodicals. If publishing units entrust postal enterprises with
distribution of newspapers and periodicals, they must make distribution
contracts with postal enterprises.
Article 15
The basic postal rates of postal services shall be set by the competent
department in charge of pricing under the State Council and shall be
reported to the State Council for approval. Non-basic postal rates shall
be formulated by the competent department of postal services under the
State Council.
Article 16
The payment of postage on various postal materials shall be indicated by
postage certificates or by postmarks showing postage paid.
Article 17
Postage stamps, stamped envelopes, stamped postcards, stamped aerogrammes
and other postage certificates shall be issued by the competent department
of postal services under the State Council, and no unit or individual
shall be allowed to produce false copies. The administrative measures on
making facsimiles of stamp patterns shall be formulated by the competent
department of postal services under the State Council.
Article 18
Postage certificates sold shall not be cashed in postal enterprises or
their branch offices. Postage certificates to be withdrawn from
circulation shall be announced to the public, and sales will be stopped
one month in advance by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council. Holders of such postage certificates may exchange them
for valid postage certificates at postal enterprises and their branch
offices within six months from the date of the announcement.
Article 19
The following postage certificates shall not be used:
(1) those which the competent department of postal services under the
State Council has announced as withdrawn from usage;
(2) those that have been postmarked or cancelled;
(3) those that are contaminated, incomplete or illegible due to fading or
discolouring; and
(4) stamp patterns cut from stamped envelopes, stamped postcards and
stamped aerogrammes.
Chapter IV Posting and Delivery of Postal Materials
Article 20
In handing in or posting postal materials, users must abide by the
provisions formulated by the relevant competent department under the State
Council on articles forbidden to post or deliver and articles to be posted
or delivered in limited amounts.
Article 21
The contents of postal materials, other than letters, to be handed in or
posted by users, shall be checked on the spot by postal enterprises or
branch offices, and if such examination is refused, the postal material
shall not be accepted and posted. Mail handed in or posted by users must
be in line with the stipulations concerning the content allowed to be
posted; postal enterprises and their branch offices have the right to
request users to take out the contents for examination, when necessary.
Article 22
Postal enterprises and their branch offices shall deliver postal materials
within the time limits laid down by the competent department of postal
services under the State Council.
Article 23
Undeliverable postal materials shall be returned to the senders.
Mail that is both undeliverable and unreturnable, and unclaimed within the
time limit stipulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council, shall be destroyed on the authority of regional
administrative organs of postal services. Incoming international postal
articles that are undeliverable and unreturnable, and unclaimed within the
time limit stipulated by the competent department of postal offices under
the State Council, shall be handled by the Customs in accordance with the
law. Disposal measures for other undeliverable and unreturnable postal
materials shall be formulated by the competent department of postal
services under the State Council.
Article 24
The remittees of postal remittances shall cash the postal remittances with
valid documents at postal enterprises or branch offices within two months
of receiving notice of a postal remittance. Remittances unclaimed when the
time period expires shall be returned to the remitters by postal
enterprises or branch offices. Returned remittances which are unclaimed
for a period of ten months, counting from the date of delivering the
return-remittance notice to the remitter, shall be turned over to the
state treasury.
Article 25
In posting and delivering postal materials, postal codes shall be adopted
gradually, and specific pertinent measures shall be formulated by the
competent department of postal services under the State Council.
Chapter V Transportation, Customs Examination and Quarantine Ins- pection of Postal Materials
Article 26
Transportation units operating railways, highways, waterways and airlines
shall all have the responsibility of carrying and transporting postal
materials, and shall ensure priority to transporting postal materials at
preferential freight charges.
Article 27
When postal enterprises transfer postal materials in railway stations,
airports and ports, transportation units concerned shall make coordinated
arrangement of space and in-and-out passageways for loading and unloading
postal materials.
Article 28
Ships with special postal marks, postal vans and postal staff shall be
given priority in entering and departing ports and crossing on ferries.
Postal vehicles with special postal marks which need to pass through a
lane closed to traffic or to stop in no-parking sections of the road shall
be verified and approved by the competent department concerned for passing
or parking.
Article 29
When transported by sea, postal materials shall not be included in
arrangements for sharing common sea losses.
Article 30
Postal enterprises shall not post or deliver international postal articles
that are not examined and allowed to pass by the Customs. The Customs
shall supervise the entry and exit, opening, sealing and dispatching of
international mailbags. Postal enterprises shall inform the Customs of
their business hours in advance, and the Customs shall promptly send
officials to supervise on-the-spot checking and examination.
Article 31
Postal materials that are subject to health and quarantine inspections or
animal and plant quarantine inspections according to law shall be sorted
out and quarantined under the charge of quarantine offices; no
transportation and delivery shall be conducted by postal enterprises
without a permit from a quarantine office.
Chapter VI Compensation for Losses
Article 32
Users may present receipts and inquire, within one year counting from the
date of the posting or remitting, about vouchered postal materials and
remittances which they handed in for posting or remitting at the postal
enterprises or their branch offices that took in the postal materials or
accepted the remittances. Postal enterprises or branch offices shall
inform inquirers of the results of inquiry within the time limit set by
the competent department of postal services under the State Council.
If no result is found within the time limit for responding to the inquiry,
postal enterprises shall make compensation first or take remedial
measures. Within a year counting from the date of making such
compensation, if it is ascertained that the circumstance for which the
compensation was made conforms with either Item (2) or Item (3) of Article
34 of this Law, the postal enterprises shall have the right to recall the
compensation.
Article 33
For loss, damage, destruction or missing contents of vouchered postal
materials, postal enterprises shall make compensation or take remedial
measures according to the following stipulations:
(1) For registered mail, compensation shall be made according to standard
amounts formulated by the competent department of postal services under
the State Council.
(2) For insured postal materials which are lost or totally damaged or
destroyed, compensation shall be made according to the insurance coverage.
For missing contents or partial damage or destruction of insured postal
materials, compensation shall be made according to the actual losses of
the postal materials, based on the ratio between the insurance coverage
and the whole value of the postal materials.
(3) For uninsured postal parcels, compensation shall be made according to
the actual damage due to loss of such postal parcels, but the maximum
compensation shall not exceed the amount formulated by the competent
department of postal services under the State Council.
(4) For other types of vouchered postal materials, compensation shall be
made or remedial measures taken according to the measures provided for by
the competent department of postal services under the State Council.
Article 34
Postal enterprises shall not be held liable for compensation if one of the
following situations occurs:
(1) losses of ordinary postal materials;
(2) losses of vouchered postal materials caused by the user or due to some
characteristic of the posted articles per se;
(3) losses of vouchered postal materials, other than postal remittances
and insured postal materials, caused by force majeure; and
(4) users failing to inquire about or demand compensation at the end of
one year, counting from the date of handing in or posting the vouchered
postal materials or making the remittance.
Article 35
If disputes over compensation for losses occur between users and postal
enterprises, users may request the competent department of postal services
at higher levels to settle; users who refuse to accept the settlement
thereof may file lawsuits with the people's court; users may also file
lawsuits with the people's court directly.
Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Article 36
Persons who infringe upon the citizens' right to freedom of correspondence
by concealing, destroying, discarding or illegally opening mail of another
person, where circumstances are serious, shall be investigated for
criminal liability according to the provisions of Article 149 of the
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China; those whose acts are not
serious enough for criminal punishment shall be punished according to the
provisions of Article 22 of Regulations of the People's Republic of China
on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 37
Postal personnel who without permission open or conceal, destroy or
discard postal materials shall be investigated for criminal liability in
accordance with Paragraph 1 in Article 191 of the Criminal Law of the
People's Republic of China.
Those who commit the crime specified in the preceding provision and also
steal property therein shall be given a heavier punishment for the crime
of embezzlement in accordance with Paragraph 2 in Article 191 of the
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 38
Persons who intentionally damage or destroy public postal facilities such
as mailboxes, where such acts are not serious enough for criminal
punishment, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article
25 of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Administrative
Penalties for Public Security; where circumstances are serious, such
persons shall be investigated for criminal liability in accordance with
the provisions of Article 156 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic
of China.
Article 39
Postal personnel who refuse to handle postal business which should be
handled according to law or who intentionally delay the delivery of postal
materials shall be given administrative disciplinary sanction. Postal
personnel who are derelict in their duties and bring about great loss to
public property and the interests of the state and the people shall be
investigated for criminal liability in accordance with the provisions of
Article 187 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 40
Persons who, in violation of provisions of Article 8 of this Law, handle
the business of posting and delivering mail or articles with
characteristics of mail shall be ordered by industrial and commercial
administrative authorities to return the mail and other articles and the
postal fees they have obtained from the senders, and a fine shall be
imposed on them.
Parties concerned who refuse to obey the decision of punishment may bring
suit to the people's court within 15 days of receiving the penalty notice.
If parties concerned neither bring suit to the people's court nor
implement the decision before the time limit expires, the industrial and
commercial administrative authorities shall apply to the people's court
for mandatory enforcement.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 41
The meanings of the following terms used in this Law are:
(1) postal materials: referring to mail, printed matter, postal parcels,
money orders, newspapers, periodicals, etc., posted and delivered by
postal enterprises.
(2) mail: referring to letters and postcards.
(3) ordinary postal materials: referring to the postal materials that
postal enterprises and their branch offices do not issue receipts for upon
acceptance and posting, and do not request recipients to sign for on
delivery.
(4) vouchered postal materials: referring to postal materials such as
registered mail, postal parcels, insured postal materials, etc., that the
postal enterprises and their branch offices issue receipts for upon
acceptance and posting, and for which recipients are requested to sign on
delivery.
(5) international postal articles: referring to printed matter and postal
parcels posted and delivered between users of the People's Republic of
China and users of foreign countries or regions.
(6) special postal articles: referring to postal date-marks, postal tongs
for lead sealing and postal bags.
Article 42
If provisions of this Law contravene those of the international treaties
concerning international postal affairs which the People's Republic of
China has concluded or to which China is a party, the provisions of the
international treaties concerned shall prevail, with the exception of the
treaty clauses on which the People's Republic of China has declared
reservations.
Article 43
The competent department of postal services under the State Council shall,
in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State
Council.
Article 44
This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1987.
浙江省农作物病虫害防治条例
浙江省人大常委会
浙江省农作物病虫害防治条例
——(2010年9月30日浙江省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十次会议通过)
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了预防和控制农作物病虫害危害,加强农业植物保护工作,保障农业生产和农产品质量安全,保护生态环境,促进农业和农村经济发展,根据《中华人民共和国农业法》、《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》等法律、行政法规的规定,结合本省实际,制定本条例。
第二条 本省行政区域内农作物病虫害的监测、预报、预防、治理及其监督管理,适用本条例。
第三条 农作物病虫害防治应当遵循预防为主、综合防治的方针,坚持农作物病虫害防治与保护生态环境、保障农产品质量安全并重的原则。
第四条 省、设区的市、县(市、区)人民政府(以下简称县级以上人民政府)应当加强对本行政区域内的农作物病虫害防治工作的领导,将农作物病虫害防治体系建设纳入国民经济和社会发展规划,建立并落实农作物病虫害灾害防控责任制度,加强植保机构和队伍建设,推进专业化统一防治工作。
乡(镇)人民政府、街道办事处应当根据农业生产需要,组织做好农作物病虫害防治工作,确定承担农作物病虫害防治指导工作的机构和人员,协助做好农作物病虫害监测预报设施建设与维护等工作。
县级以上人民政府应当将农作物病虫害监测、预防、灾害应急防控、绿色防治措施的推广等经费纳入财政预算。
第五条 县级以上农业主管部门主管本行政区域内的农作物病虫害防治工作。农业主管部门所属的植保机构具体承担农作物病虫害的监测、预报工作和农作物病虫害防治及农药安全使用的指导、监督等工作。
财政、科技、气象、工商行政管理、环境保护、质量技术监督、卫生、出入境检验检疫、广播电视、供销等部门按照各自职责,共同做好农作物病虫害防治的相关工作。
第六条 农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会应当组织做好本村农作物病虫害防治工作,确定农作物病虫害防治指导人员,督促和指导农业生产经营者做好农作物病虫害防治工作。
农业生产经营者应当加强农作物病虫害防治知识和技术的学习,依法做好农作物病虫害防治工作。
第七条 对在农作物病虫害防治工作中作出突出贡献的社会组织和个人,各级人民政府和有关部门应当予以表彰和奖励。
第二章 监测与预报
第八条 县级以上农业主管部门应当根据农作物病虫害防治体系建设的要求,加强农作物病虫害监测预报站点和信息系统建设,建立健全监测预报工作制度,保障监测预报工作的正常进行。
第九条 农作物病虫害监测预报站点的监测预报设施受法律保护,任何单位和个人不得擅自移动、占用或者损毁。
因重点工程建设等需要迁移农作物病虫害监测预报站点或者设施的,建设单位应当征得设立该监测预报站点或者设施的农业主管部门同意,并在其指导下进行重建。重建费用由建设单位承担。
第十条 需要在农田、果园等农业生产经营场所安装监测预报设施,或者实施监测预报活动的,农业生产经营者应当予以配合。
因安装农作物病虫害监测预报设施或者实施监测预报活动,给农业生产经营者造成经济损失的,应当给予补偿。
第十一条 植保机构应当按照农作物病虫害监测预报规范开展农作物病虫害监测。
农作物病虫害监测人员应当做好农作物病虫害的调查监测,及时准确提供监测数据。
县级植保机构可以根据需要临时聘用具备农作物病虫害监测技能的人员,协助开展调查监测工作。
农作物病虫害监测预报规范,由省农业主管部门制定。
第十二条 植保机构应当根据农作物病虫害监测数据,按照农作物病虫害监测预报规范,及时作出农作物病虫害发生趋势预测,无偿发布农作物病虫害预报预警信息,并提出农作物病虫害防治意见。
除植保机构外,任何单位和个人不得向社会发布农作物病虫害预报预警信息或者防治意见。
禁止伪造、变造农作物病虫害预报预警信息或者防治意见。
第十三条 农作物发生较大范围病虫害危害或者受到不明原因危害时,有关单位和个人应当及时向当地农业主管部门及其植保机构报告。
第十四条 气象部门应当及时进行农作物病虫害发生发展气象条件监测预测分析,发布农作物病虫害气象预报。气象部门与农业主管部门应当相互无偿提供用于农作物病虫害监测预报的气象信息和农作物病虫害监测预报信息。
广播电视、政府门户网站和省、设区的市人民政府指定的报纸等媒体,应当及时无偿播发、刊登植保机构发布的农作物病虫害预报预警信息。
第三章 预防与治理
第十五条 鼓励农业生产经营者通过采用抗病虫良种、合理的间作轮作、科学的田间管理等措施,减少农作物病虫害的发生。
农作物品种的抗病虫性应当作为农作物新品种审定的主要指标之一。
第十六条 县级以上农业主管部门应当根据农作物病虫害发生情况,及时组织和指导农业生产经营者对农作物病虫害实施有效的防治。
第十七条 农业生产经营者应当根据农业生产和病虫害发生情况,做好农作物病虫害的防治。植保机构发布农作物病虫害预报预警信息的,农业生产经营者应当根据植保机构提出的防治意见,及时进行农作物病虫害防治,按照规定做好病虫害防治记录。
第十八条 农业生产经营者不得使用国家禁止使用的农药及其他农作物病虫害防治产品。
使用化学农药防治农作物病虫害的,农业生产经营者应当优先选用低毒、低残留和对生态环境危害较轻的农药。
第十九条 县级以上农业主管部门根据养蚕、养蜂等产业安全生产和农产品质量安全要求,以及农作物病虫害抗药性情况,可以提出在特定区域、特定时段内以及对特定农作物限制使用的农药名录,报省农业主管部门批准并公布。
农业生产经营者不得违反前款规定使用农药。
第二十条 鼓励大专院校、科研单位和企业等开展农作物病虫害绿色防治技术和产品的研究开发。
鼓励农业生产经营者采用农业防治、生物防治、物理防治等绿色防治技术和产品进行农作物病虫害防治。
第二十一条 县级以上人民政府应当制定农作物病虫害专业化统一防治工作的推进目标和实施计划,并组织实施。
第二十二条 各级人民政府以及农业主管部门应当支持农作物病虫害专业化统一防治服务组织的建设。
农作物病虫害专业化统一防治服务组织应当依法办理工商登记手续,按照服务协议与防治技术规程为农业生产经营者提供农作物病虫害专业化统一防治服务。
第二十三条 农业生产经营企业和农民专业合作经济组织应当建立农作物病虫害专业化统一防治队伍或者委托专业化统一防治服务组织,对本单位的农作物病虫害实行专业化统一防治。
第二十四条 鼓励农村集体经济组织单独或者联合建立农作物病虫害专业化统一防治队伍,为农村集体经济组织成员提供农作物病虫害专业化统一防治服务。
鼓励农村集体经济组织成员参加农作物病虫害专业化统一防治。
第二十五条 各级人民政府应当根据本行政区域内农作物病虫害防治的实际需要,对下列农作物病虫害防治事项提供资金支持:
(一)水稻、茶叶、水果等农作物的农业生产经营者参加农作物病虫害专业化统一防治的;
(二)农业生产经营者采用生物农药、诱虫灯、性诱剂、防虫网等绿色防治技术和产品进行农作物病虫害防治的;
(三)农药生产企业对用于小面积种植农作物的农药进行申报登记的;
(四)农作物病虫害专业化统一防治服务组织为从业人员投保人身意外险的。
前款规定资金支持的具体办法,由省财政部门会同省农业主管部门制定。
第二十六条 县级以上人民政府应当组织农业、林业、渔业、环境保护、财政、交通运输、工商行政管理、出入境检验检疫、科技、铁路等部门按照规定职责采取有效措施,防止外来农业有害生物入侵。
对已经引进的有风险的农业生物和已经入侵的农业有害生物,县级以上农业主管部门应当会同林业、渔业、环境保护等部门,组织有关专家查明发生区域和危害情况,监测其发展趋势,提出相应的防控措施;对需要进行严格控制和扑灭的农业有害生物,县级以上人民政府应当组织农业等有关部门以及乡(镇)人民政府、街道办事处采取有效措施进行控制和扑灭。
对从境外引进可能产生生态危害的农作物种子、苗木和其他繁殖材料,省植物检疫机构应当在依法办理检疫审批手续时,对其进行生态危害风险评估,提出相应的处理意见。引进单位应当按照省植物检疫机构的风险评估及处理意见,做好相关工作。
第二十七条 县级以上人民政府应当按照分级负责的原则,制定农作物病虫害灾害应急预案(以下简称应急预案),落实农作物病虫害灾害防控物资储备。
发生农作物病虫害灾害时,县级以上农业主管部门应当及时向本级人民政府提出启动相应等级应急响应的建议,同时向上级农业主管部门报告。县级以上人民政府根据农业主管部门的建议和有关情况,适时启动相应等级的应急响应,并及时安排和调配控制、扑灭农作物病虫害灾害所需的资金和物资。
有关单位和个人应当按照应急预案的要求,做好农作物病虫害的控制和扑灭工作。
第二十八条 县级以上农业主管部门及其植保机构和农业技术推广机构,应当通过广播电视、互联网等媒体或者采用发放资料、集中授课等形式,加强农作物病虫害防治知识的宣传和普及,定期对农作物病虫害专业化统一防治服务组织、农业生产经营者以及农药经营者等进行农作物病虫害防治技术培训。
农作物病虫害防治技术培训不得收取培训费用,所需经费由同级财政保障。
第二十九条 植保机构及其工作人员不得从事下列行为:
(一)在农作物病虫害防治意见中指定所推介农药的生产单位;
(二)在农作物病虫害防治技术培训时以营利为目的,宣传、推介农作物病虫害防治产品;
(三)违反规定推广农作物病虫害防治新技术、新产品。
第四章 农药经营与使用
第三十条 农药经营实行许可制度。未经许可,任何单位和个人不得从事农药经营。
申领农药经营许可证,应当具备下列条件:
(一)有不少于一名的植保专业技术人员;
(二)有符合规定要求的销售、仓储场所和安全防护、环境保护等设施、设备;
(三)有相应的内部管理制度和员工业务培训制度;
(四)法律、法规规定的其他条件。
经营的农药属于危险化学品的,依照《危险化学品安全管理条例》的规定执行。
第三十一条 申领农药经营许可证的,应当向县级以上农业主管部门提出申请,并根据本条例第三十条第二款规定的条件提供相关材料。
县级以上农业主管部门应当自收到申请之日起十五个工作日内完成审查。经审查符合规定条件的,核发农药经营许可证;不符合规定条件的,应当书面告知并说明理由。
农药经营许可证格式,由省农业主管部门规定。
第三十二条 农药经营许可证有效期为三年。农药经营者需要延续农药经营许可证有效期的,应当在有效期届满三十日前向原发证机关提出申请。原发证机关应当在有效期届满前作出是否准予延续的决定;逾期未作决定的,视为准予延续。
第三十三条 农药经营者在销售农药时应当随货附送农药使用说明书,并正确介绍农药使用范围、防治对象、使用方法、安全间隔期和存放要求等注意事项,不得夸大农药的防治效果,不得误导农药使用者增加用药种类、用药次数和用药量。
农药经营者应当在经营场所张贴植保机构发布的农作物病虫害防治意见,公开农药使用咨询电话,及时解答有关询问。
禁止销售假农药、劣质农药。
第三十四条 农药经营者在销售农药时应当开具销售凭证,并建立购销台账,对产品来源、产品信息、销售信息进行记录。购销台账应当至少保存二年。
第三十五条 农药使用者应当遵守农药安全、合理使用的有关规定,按照农药使用说明书的要求正确配药、施药,并做好安全防护措施。农药使用者不得擅自增加用药次数和用药量。
施用过农药的农作物,应当在安全间隔期满后采收、出售。
第三十六条 植保机构、农业技术推广机构应当指导、督促农药使用者按照有关规定安全、合理使用农药,及时制止和纠正不符合农药使用安全间隔期规定的农作物采收行为。
第三十七条 农药经营者和使用者应当妥善保管农药及农药废弃包装物,不得随意丢弃。
废弃农药及农药废弃包装物实行集中回收和无害化处置,具体办法由省人民政府制定。
第三十八条 县级以上农业主管部门应当建立农药安全使用预警机制。发生农作物农药药害和农药使用安全事故时,农业、卫生主管部门应当会同有关部门及时进行调查和处置,按照规定将有关情况及时报本级人民政府以及上级主管部门,并通报相关部门。
第五章法律责任
第三十九条 违反本条例规定的行为,法律、法规已有行政处罚规定的,从其规定;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;造成他人财产损失或者人身损害的,依法承担赔偿责任。
第四十条 违反本条例第九条第一款规定,擅自移动、占用、损毁农作物病虫害监测预报设施的,由县级以上农业主管部门责令限期改正,恢复原状;逾期未改正的,代为恢复原状,费用由违法行为人承担,处五百元以上五千元以下的罚款。
第四十一条 违反本条例第十二条第二款、第三款规定,向社会发布农作物病虫害预报预警信息、防治意见,或者伪造、变造农作物病虫害预报预警信息、防治意见的,由县级以上农业主管部门责令停止违法行为,处一千元以上五千元以下的罚款。
第四十二条 违反本条例第十九条第二款规定,在特定区域、特定时段内或者对特定农作物使用限制使用的农药的,由县级以上农业主管部门责令停止违法行为,给予警告,并处二千元以上二万元以下的罚款。
第四十三条 违反本条例第二十六条第三款规定,从境外引进农作物种子、苗木和其他繁殖材料的单位未按照省植物检疫机构的风险评估及处理意见做好相关工作的,由省植物检疫机构责令改正;逾期未改正的,对引进的农作物种子、苗木和其他繁殖材料予以销毁,处五千元以上五万元以下的罚款。
第四十四条 违反本条例第三十条第一款规定,未经许可从事农药经营的,由县级以上农业主管部门责令停止经营,没收违法所得,并处二千元以上二万元以下的罚款。
第四十五条 违反本条例第三十三条第三款规定,销售假农药、劣质农药的,依照有关法律、法规的规定处理;情节严重的,由原发证机关并处吊销农药经营许可证。
第四十六条 农药经营者有下列行为之一的,由县级以上农业主管部门责令限期改正;逾期未改正的,处一千元以上一万元以下的罚款;情节严重的,由原发证机关并处吊销农药经营许可证:
(一)违反本条例第三十三条第一款规定,在销售农药时未随货附送农药使用说明书或者误导农药使用者增加用药种类、用药次数或者用药量的;
(二)违反本条例第三十四条规定,未建立农药购销台账或者未按照规定进行销售记录和保存购销台账的。
第四十七条 县级以上农业主管部门及其植保机构和其他部门有下列情形之一的,由本级人民政府或者上级人民政府有关部门责令改正,通报批评;对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分:
(一)未按照本条例规定核发农药经营许可证的;
(二)未按照农作物病虫害监测预报规范发布预报预警信息的;
(三)在农作物病虫害防治意见中指定所推介农药的生产单位的;
(四)未按照本条例规定进行农作物病虫害防治技术培训的;
(五)在农作物病虫害防治技术培训时以营利为目的,宣传、推介农作物病虫害防治产品的;
(六)其他玩忽职守、徇私舞弊、滥用职权的行为。
第六章 附 则
第四十八条 本条例下列用语的含义:
(一)农作物,是指粮食、棉花、油料、麻料、糖料、蔬菜、茶树、桑树、烟草、草类、绿肥、食用菌等作物,以及按照规定列入农作物范围的果树、花卉和中药材。
(二)农作物病虫害,是指对农作物产生危害的病(病原物)、虫(螨)、草、鼠、软体动物和其他有害生物。
(三)农作物病虫害灾害,是指对农作物造成重大危害和严重损失的虫害和流行性植物病害以及其他生物灾害,分为Ⅰ级(特别重大农作物病虫害灾害)、Ⅱ级(重大农作物病虫害灾害)、Ⅲ级(较大农作物病虫害灾害)。
(四)植保专业技术人员,是指取得中等职业教育及以上学历的植保及相关专业人员、具有与植保相关的初级以上技术职称的技术人员,以及取得职业技能鉴定证书的农业植保工。
第四十九条 林业、园林病虫害防治工作,依照有关法律、法规的规定执行。
第五十条 本条例施行前已经从事农药经营的,应当在本条例施行之日起一年内,具备本条例第三十条第二款规定的条件,并向县级以上农业主管部门申领农药经营许可证。
第五十一条 本条例自2011年1月1日起施行。